on 07 Apr 2011
Last Applicant/ Owned by
M Portas LLP
Yellowdoor, 22-24 Torrington Place, London
, , WC1E 7HJ
Serial Number
UK00002577663 filed on 07th Apr 2011
Registration Number
UK00002577663 registered on
08th Jul 2011
Correspondent Address
48 Friar Gate
Derby,
United Kingdom,
DE1 1GY
Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; cosmetic creams; anti-ageing creams, anti-wrinkle creams; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics; cosmetic preparations; cosmetic preparations for skin care; dentifrices for personal use; toiletries and toilet preparations; bath additives, bath creams, bath concentrates, bath crystals, bath cubes, bath essences, bath foams, bath gels, bath lotions, bath oils and bath oil concentrates, bath pearls, bath powders, bath preparations; soaps, shower gels; shaving lotion, shaving gels, shaving mousse; hair lotions; hair care products and preparations; preparations for the hair; hair shampoo; perfumes, colognes and skin preparations, skin lotions; aftershave lotions; perfumes, eau de cologne, colognes; after-sun products and preparations; artificial tan preparations and products; sun cream; sun block; skin creams, lotions and preparations for protection against sun burn; non-medicated suntan lotions bath preparations; massage creams, massage oils; preparations for cleaning and cleansing the body, skin, scalp, teeth, mouth, nails, hair; dermatological preparations; dermatological substances; dermatological creams; pre-moistened disposable paper towelettes; talcum powder; body milks; body lotions; baby oil; baby care products; babies' creams; petroleum jelly for cosmetic purposes; white petroleum jelly; preparations and products for oral hygiene; cotton wool in the form of balls, buds, pads, pleats, rolls, sticks, swabs, wipes, tips and wadding; cotton wool for cosmetic use; antiperspirants, deodorants; body deodorants; deodorant creams for personal use; deodorant preparations for personal use; deodorant soap; deodorant sprays for personal use; deodorant sticks for personal use; deodorants for personal use; deodorants for personal use in the form of sprays; deodorants for personal use in the form of sticks; deodorants for the body; deodorants for the feet.
Sunglasses; contact lenses; sunglass cases; spectacle cases; contact lens cases; safety and protective clothing, headwear and footwear; safety and protective outer clothing; outer clothing for protection against accident or injury; clothing, headwear and footwear for protection against accident or injury; compact disc holders; record holders; ear plugs; e-books; downloadable publications; downloadable newspapers, newsletters, magazines, pamphlets, booklets, books, brochures; headphones; magnets; memory cards; mouse pads; public address speaker systems; computer software; software downloaded in electronic form for use on computers, telephones, mobile telephones, Personal Digital Assistants, or other electronic apparatus; downloadable electronic publications and software; electronic communications apparatus and instruments; electrical communications apparatus and instruments; telecommunications apparatus and instruments; downloadable data in digital form, downloadable data in electronic form; downloadable software; downloadable music; downloadable films, Television programs, videos, music videos, radio broadcasts; electronic publications; on-line publications; downloadable publications; compact discs; records; cassettes; tapes; discs; laser discs; CD-Roms; DVDs; video cassettes; video discs; digital audio tapes; MP3 players; podcasts; sound recordings; video recordings; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; amplifiers; sound decks; loudspeakers; microphones; megaphones; photographic equipment; data storage components; apparatus for the transmission of messages; downloadable educational material, magazines, downloadable newsletters, downloadable news sheets, downloadable advertising sheets, downloadable printed matter, downloadable books, downloadable pamphlets, downloadable journals; MP3 and other digital format audio and video players; handheld computers, personal digital assistants, electronic organizers, electronic notepads; magnetic data carriers; telephones, mobile phones, computer gaming machines, videophones, cameras; computer hardware and software; prerecorded computer programs for personal information management; database management software; electronic mail and messaging software; paging software; database synchronization software; computer programs for accessing, browsing and searching online databases; computer hardware and software for providing integrated telephone communication with computerized global information networks; parts and accessories for handheld and mobile digital electronic devices; parts and accessories for mobile telephones; mobile telephone covers; mobile telephone cases; mobile telephone cases made of leather or imitations of leather; mobile telephone covers made of cloth or textile materials; batteries; rechargeable batteries; chargers; chargers for electric batteries; headphones; stereo headphones; in-ear headphones; stereo speakers; audio speakers; audio speakers for home; personal stereo speaker apparatus; microphones; car audio apparatus; apparatus for connecting and charging portable and handheld digital electronic devices; Computer software for use in downloading, transmitting, receiving, editing, extracting, encoding, decoding, playing, storing and organising data including audio and video data; sound, video and data recordings; chips, discs and tapes bearing or for recording computer programs and software; multimedia products comprising or for use with the transmission of audio and video data; apparatus for the downloading, transmitting, encoding, decoding, editing, playing and storage of data including audio and video recordings; interactive products comprising or for use with any of the aforesaid goods; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metal or coated therewith, not included in other classes; jewellery and imitation jewellery; precious stones; cufflinks and tie pins; horological and chronometric instruments; time pieces; brooches; jewellery cases; figurines being statuettes of precious stones; figurines coated with precious metal; figurines for ornamental purposes of precious stones; figurines of precious metal; figurines made from gold, silver or platinum; action figures being decorative of precious metal or made from; model figures being ornaments coated with precious metal; model figures made of precious metal or precious stones; jewellery being time pieces; jewellery including time pieces; clocks, watches, stop watches, and cases, bands and straps therefore; cases of precious metals for clocks; cases of precious metals for watches; clock cases; cabinets for clocks; clock hands; clock works; monumental clocks; table clocks; industrial clocks; mantle clocks; master clocks; miniature clocks; tower clocks; wall clocks; long case clocks; desk clocks; timing clocks; stands for clocks; travel clocks; control clocks; dials for clocks and watches; master clocks; clock movements; watch movements; ornamental clocks; pendulums for clocks; alarm clocks; atomic clocks; barrels being parts of clocks and watches; faces for clocks and faces for watches; clocks for world time zones; clocks having quartz movements; watches having quartz movements; clocks incorporating ceramics; clocks incorporating radios; control clocks being master clocks; electric clocks; electric watches, clockworks; watch bands; watch cases; watch chains; watch crystals; watch glasses; watch springs; watch straps; clock dials; digital clocks; digital clocks being electronically controlled; electronically operated movements for clocks; apparatus for sports timing; cocktail watches; wrist watches for men; wrist watches for women; rings, ear rings, ear-studs, nose studs, nose rings; eyebrow, lip, cheek, nose, face and body rings; belly button rings, belly button studs, nipple rings and nipple studs and nipple bars; body jewellery being studs, bars, piercing and rings; items of intimate body jewellery, being studs, bars, piercing or rings; finger rings, bracelets; necklaces, precious stones; key fobs coated with precious metal; key rings; key rings of precious metals ;parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
Leather and imitations of leather, and goods made of these materials and not included in other classes, animal skins, hides, trunks and travelling bags, umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks; whips; harness and saddlery; luggage; backpacks; shopping bags; sling bags; school bags; beach bags; satchels briefcases; lap top bags; pilot cases; handbags; pocket wallets; purses; clip top purses; change purses; evening bags; hand bags being tote bags; hand bags being shoulder bags; cosmetic bags; bridal hand bags; weekend bags; flight bags; haversacks; articles of imitation leather not included in other Classes; key cases being leather ware; kit bags; gym bags; sports bags; duffle bags; rucksacks; school satchels; shopping bags; sling bags for carrying infants; boot bags; credit card holders; hold-alls; travelling bags; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
Textiles and textile goods; bed and table covers; travellers' rugs, textiles for making articles of clothing; textiles for making articles of headgear; textiles for making parts of articles of clothing; textiles for making parts of articles of headgear; duvets; covers for pillows, cushions or duvets; breathable piece goods made of textile materials; water vapour permeable textiles; waterproof textile fabrics; breathable fabrics; performance fabric; technical fabrics; fabrics with insulating properties; textile goods for manufacturing water proof clothing, footwear and headgear; textile goods for manufacturing breathable clothing, footwear and headgear; textile goods for manufacturing technical clothing, footwear and headgear; textile goods for manufacturing clothing, footwear and headgear with insulating properties.
Clothing; footwear; headgear; outer clothing; under clothing; woven clothing; knitwear being clothing; clothing of cotton, silk, linen, wool; clothing made from man made-fibres; clothing made from a combination of cotton, silk, linen, wool and man-made fibres; shirts; blouses; shirts and blouses with wing collar; shirts and blouses with Eton collars; evening wear, namely shirts and blouses and dinner jackets; shirts and blouses with double cuffs; shirts and blouses with French cuffs; shirts and blouses with detachable collars; shirts and blouses without collars; long sleeve shirts and blouses; short sleeved shirts and blouses; shirts and blouses with graphics printed on them; men's shirts; women's blouses; children's shirts and blouses; shirts and blouses for babies; bow ties, ties, lounge suits, waist coats, trousers; sports clothing; T-shirts, tee-shirts; long sleeved T-shirts, short sleeved T-shirts, T-shirts with graphics printed on them, men's T-shirts, women's T-shirts, children's T-shirts, T-shirts for babies; socks, stockings and hosiery; mittens; pullovers; scarves; ski hats; sports jerseys; swimwear; gilets, overcoats, coats, jerseys, jumpers, tops, sweaters, cardigans, pullovers, ponchos, corsetry, scarves, shawls, mufflers, pashminas, wraparounds, wraps, gloves, swimming costumes, one piece swimming costumes, bikini swimming costumes, tankinis, tops, thongs, pants, bras, bodyshapers, beachwear, sarongs, leisure wear, blouses, dresses, shorts, jeans, denim jackets, denim trousers, neckties, articles of lingerie; articles of underwear, pyjamas, night wear, dressing gowns, bath robes; beach robes, articles of beachwear, beach clothing, beach dresses, beach shorts, beach wraps; rain coats; sou'westers; cagoules; sportswear, boxer's shorts and vests, sports bras, sports panties, sports briefs, and jockstraps, sports pants; sports shorts, sports T-shirts, sports crop-tops, sports vests; trackpants, track suits, jogging suits, warm-up suits, running shorts, running vests, running tops, running pants; bicycling shorts; soccer shirts, soccer shorts, soccer socks; football strips; football kits; items of clothing for playing football in; football shirts, football boots, studs for football boots; football boots for use on synthetic turf surfaces; football shorts and football socks, rugby shirts, rugby shorts and rugby socks, sweatshirts, hooded tops; swimming suits being wetsuits, wet suits for surface water-sports, wetsuits for surfing; wet suits for water-skiing; wet suits for windsurfing; dry suits; headgear, hats, woolly hats, caps, bobble hats, baseball caps, cricket hats, sunhats, sun-visors, swimming caps; aprons being clothing; boxer shorts; camisoles; caps being headwear; headgear for wear; jackets; waterproof and water resistant outer garments; waterproof and water resistant outer clothes; footwear uppers, heel pieces and tips for footwear; studs, spikes and metal fittings for footwear; welts for boots and shoes; heels for boots and shoes; tips for foot-wear; soles, inner soles, non-slipping devices for footwear; articles of industrial and work footwear, headgear and clothing; protective and safety footwear other than for protection against injury or accident; waterproof and water resistant clothing, headwear, footwear; slippers; bath sandals and bath slippers; dance shoes; ladies shoes; leather shoes; high heeled shoes; shoes with stiletto heels; ladies shoes with heels; dancewear including footwear; beachwear including footwear; shoes, boots, trainers, flip-flops, sandals mules, slip on shoes; slip on boots; moccasin; loafers; deck shoes; plimsolls; Wellington boots, beach shoes, shoes for windsurfing and water sports; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
Advertising and promotional services; advertising agency services; marketing services; marketing agency services; brand creation and brand building services; brand image services; brand management; advertising services being artwork production services; promotional campaign services; sales promotion and in-store promotion services; brand building project services; information, consultancy and advisory services relating to all of the aforesaid services; none of the aforesaid services being provided within or by means of directories whether printed or online; administration relating to marketing; advice relating to marketing management; advisory services relating to marketing; advisory services relating to the marketing of farm products; analysis relating to marketing; business advice relating to marketing; business advice relating to marketing management consultations; business advice relating to strategic marketing; business consultancy services relating to marketing; business consultancy services relating to the marketing of fund raising campaigns; conducting of marketing studies; consultancy relating to marketing; consulting services relating to marketing; direct marketing; estimations for marketing purposes; financial marketing; investigations of marketing strategy; marketing; business advice relating to marketing; marketing advisory services; marketing analysis; marketing assistance; marketing consultancy, research, forecasting, information and management advice; marketing studies; planning of marketing strategies; product marketing; professional consultancy relating to marketing; promotional marketing; provision of advice relating to marketing; provision of information relating to marketing; provision of marketing advisory services for manufacturers; provision of marketing information; provision of marketing reports; production of films, video recordings for marketing purposes; Retail services connected with the sale of the following goods, the bringing together, for the benefit of others, of a variety of the following goods to allow consumers to conveniently view and purchase the following goods, electronic shopping retail services, including such services provided from an internet website, connected with the sale of the following goods and mail order retail services connected with the sale of the following goods, bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use, cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations, cosmetic creams, anti-ageing creams, anti-wrinkle creams, soaps, perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, cosmetic preparations, cosmetic preparations for skin care, dentifrices for personal use, toiletries and toilet preparations, bath additives, bath creams, bath concentrates, bath crystals, bath cubes, bath essences, bath foams, bath gels, bath lotions, bath oils and bath oil concentrates, bath pearls, bath powders, bath preparations, soaps, shower gels, shaving lotion, shaving gels, shaving mousse, hair lotions, hair care products and preparations, preparations for the hair, hair shampoo, perfumes, colognes and skin preparations, skin lotions, aftershave lotions, perfumes, eau de cologne, colognes, after-sun products and preparations, artificial tan preparations and products, sun cream, sun block, skin creams, lotions and preparations for protection against sun burn, non-medicated suntan lotions bath preparations, massage creams, massage oils, preparations for cleaning and cleansing the body, skin, scalp, teeth, mouth, nails, hair, dermatological preparations, dermatological substances, dermatological creams, pre-moistened disposable paper towelettes, talcum powder, body milks, body lotions, baby oil, baby care products, babies' creams, petroleum jelly for cosmetic purposes, white petroleum jelly, preparations and products for oral hygiene, cotton wool in the form of balls, buds, pads, pleats, rolls, sticks, swabs, wipes, tips and wadding, cotton wool for cosmetic use, antiperspirants, deodorants, body deodorants, deodorant creams for personal use, deodorant preparations for personal use, deodorant soap, deodorant sprays for personal use, deodorant sticks for personal use, deodorants for personal use, deodorants for personal use in the form of sprays, deodorants for personal use in the form of sticks, deodorants for the body, deodorants for the feet sunglasses, contact lenses, sunglass cases, spectacle cases, contact lens cases, safety and protective clothing, headwear and footwear, safety and protective outer clothing, outer clothing for protection against accident or injury, clothing, headwear and footwear for protection against accident or injury, compact disc holders, record holders, ear plugs, e-books, downloadable publications, downloadable newspapers, newsletters, magazines, pamphlets, booklets, books, brochures, headphones, magnets, memory cards, mouse pads, public address speaker systems, computer software, software downloaded in electronic form for use on computers, telephones, mobile telephones, Personal Digital Assistants, or other electronic apparatus, downloadable electronic publications and software, electronic communications apparatus and instruments, electrical communications apparatus and instruments, telecommunications apparatus and instruments, downloadable data in digital form, downloadable data in electronic form, downloadable software, downloadable music, downloadable films, Television programs, videos, music videos, radio broadcasts, electronic publications, on-line publications, downloadable publications, compact discs, records, cassettes, tapes, discs, laser discs, CD-Roms, DVDs, video cassettes, video discs, digital audio tapes, MP3 players, podcasts, sound recordings, video recordings, apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images, amplifiers, sound decks, loudspeakers, microphones, megaphones, photographic equipment, data storage components, apparatus for the transmission of messages, downloadable educational material, magazines, downloadable newsletters, downloadable news sheets, downloadable advertising sheets, downloadable printed matter, downloadable books, downloadable pamphlets, downloadable journals, MP3 and other digital format audio and video players, handheld computers, personal digital assistants, electronic organizers, electronic notepads, magnetic data carriers, telephones, mobile phones, computer gaming machines, videophones, cameras, computer hardware and software, prerecorded computer programs for personal information management, database management software, electronic mail and messaging software, paging software, database synchronization software, computer programs for accessing, browsing and searching online databases, computer hardware and software for providing integrated telephone communication with computerized global information networks, parts and accessories for handheld and mobile digital electronic devices, parts and accessories for mobile telephones, mobile telephone covers, mobile telephone cases, mobile telephone cases made of leather or imitations of leather, mobile telephone covers made of cloth or textile materials, batteries, rechargeable batteries, chargers, chargers for electric batteries, headphones, stereo headphones, in-ear headphones, stereo speakers, audio speakers, audio speakers for home, personal stereo speaker apparatus, microphones, car audio apparatus, apparatus for connecting and charging portable and handheld digital electronic devices, Computer software for use in downloading, transmitting, receiving, editing, extracting, encoding, decoding, playing, storing and organising data including audio and video data, sound, video and data recordings, chips, discs and tapes bearing or for recording computer programs and software, multimedia products comprising or for use with the transmission of audio and video data, apparatus for the downloading, transmitting, encoding, decoding, editing, playing and storage of data including audio and video recordings, interactive products comprising or for use with any of the aforesaid goods, precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metal or coated therewith, not included in other classes, jewellery and imitation jewellery, precious stones, cufflinks and tie pins, horological and chronometric instruments, time pieces, brooches, jewellery cases, figurines being statuettes of precious stones, figurines coated with precious metal, figurines for ornamental purposes of precious stones, figurines of precious metal, figurines made from gold, silver or platinum, action figures being decorative of precious metal or made from, model figures being ornaments coated with precious metal, model figures made of precious metal or precious stones, jewellery being time pieces, jewellery including time pieces, clocks, watches, stop watches, and cases, bands and straps therefore, cases of precious metals for clocks, cases of precious metals for watches, clock cases, cabinets for clocks, clock hands, clock works, monumental clocks, table clocks, industrial clocks, mantle clocks, master clocks, miniature clocks, tower clocks, wall clocks, long case clocks, desk clocks, timing clocks, stands for clocks, travel clocks, control clocks, dials for clocks and watches, master clocks, clock movements, watch movements, ornamental clocks, pendulums for clocks, alarm clocks, atomic clocks, barrels being parts of clocks and watches, faces for clocks and faces for watches, clocks for world time zones, clocks having quartz movements, watches having quartz movements, clocks incorporating ceramics, clocks incorporating radios, control clocks being master clocks, electric clocks, electric watches, clockworks, watch bands, watch cases, watch chains, watch crystals, watch glasses, watch springs, watch straps, clock dials, digital clocks, digital clocks being electronically controlled, electronically operated movements for clocks, apparatus for sports timing, cocktail watches, wrist watches for men, wrist watches for women, rings, ear rings, ear-studs, nose studs, nose rings, eyebrow, lip, cheek, nose, face and body rings, belly button rings, belly button studs, nipple rings and nipple studs and nipple bars, body jewellery being studs, bars, piercing and rings, items of intimate body jewellery, being studs, bars, piercing or rings, finger rings, bracelets, necklaces, precious stones, key fobs coated with precious metal, key rings, key rings of precious metals, leather and imitations of leather, and goods made of these materials and not included in other classes, animal skins, hides, trunks and travelling bags, umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks, whips, harness and saddlery, luggage, backpacks, shopping bags, sling bags, school bags, beach bags, satchels briefcases, lap top bags, pilot cases, handbags, pocket wallets, purses, clip top purses, change purses, evening bags, hand bags being tote bags, hand bags being shoulder bags, cosmetic bags, bridal hand bags, weekend bags, flight bags, haversacks, articles of imitation leather not included in other Classes, key cases being leather ware, kit bags, gym bags, sports bags, duffle bags, rucksacks, school satchels, shopping bags, sling bags for carrying infants, boot bags, credit card holders, hold-alls, travelling bags, textiles and textile goods, bed and table covers, travellers' rugs, textiles for making articles of clothing, textiles for making articles of headgear, textiles for making parts of articles of clothing, textiles for making parts of articles of headgear, duvets, covers for pillows, cushions or duvets, tea cosies, breathable piece goods made of textile materials, water vapour permeable textiles, waterproof textile fabrics, breathable fabrics, performance fabric, technical fabrics, fabrics with insulating properties, textile goods for manufacturing water proof clothing, footwear and headgear, textile goods for manufacturing breathable clothing, footwear and headgear, textile goods for manufacturing technical clothing, footwear and headgear, textile goods for manufacturing clothing, footwear and headgear with insulating properties, Clothing, footwear, headgear, outer clothing, under clothing, woven clothing, knitwear being clothing, clothing of cotton, silk, linen, wool, clothing made from man made-fibres, clothing made from a combination of cotton, silk, linen, wool and man-made fibres, shirts, blouses, shirts and blouses with wing collar, shirts and blouses with Eton collars, evening wear, namely shirts and blouses and dinner jackets, shirts and blouses with double cuffs, shirts and blouses with French cuffs, shirts and blouses with detachable collars, shirts and blouses without collars, long sleeve shirts and blouses, short sleeved shirts and blouses, shirts and blouses with graphics printed on them, men's shirts, women's blouses, children's shirts and blouses, shirts and blouses for babies, bow ties, ties, lounge suits, waist coats, trousers, sports clothing, T-shirts, tee-shirts, long sleeved T-shirts, short sleeved T-shirts, T-shirts with graphics printed on them, men's T-shirts, women's T-shirts, children's T-shirts, T-shirts for babies, socks, stockings and hosiery, mittens, pullovers, scarves, ski hats, sports jerseys, swimwear, gilets, overcoats, coats, jerseys, jumpers, tops, sweaters, cardigans, pullovers, ponchos, corsetry, scarves, shawls, mufflers, pashminas, wraparounds, wraps, gloves, swimming costumes, one piece swimming costumes, bikini swimming costumes, tankinis, tops, thongs, pants, bras, bodyshapers, beachwear, sarongs, leisure wear, blouses, dresses, shorts, jeans, denim jackets, denim trousers, neckties, articles of lingerie, articles of underwear, pyjamas, night wear, dressing gowns, bath robes, beach robes, articles of beachwear, beach clothing, beach dresses, beach shorts, beach wraps, rain coats, sou'westers, cagoules, sportswear, boxer's shorts and vests, sports bras, sports panties, sports briefs, and jockstraps, sports pants, sports shorts, sports T-shirts, sports crop-tops, sports vests, trackpants, track suits, jogging suits, warm-up suits, running shorts, running vests, running tops, running pants, bicycling shorts, soccer shirts, soccer shorts, soccer socks, football strips, football kits, items of clothing for playing football in, football shirts, football boots, studs for football boots, football boots for use on synthetic turf surfaces, football shorts and football socks, rugby shirts, rugby shorts and rugby socks, sweatshirts, hooded tops, swimming suits being wetsuits, wet suits for surface water-sports, wetsuits for surfing, wet suits for water-skiing, wet suits for windsurfing, dry suits, headgear, hats, woolly hats, caps, bobble hats, baseball caps, cricket hats, sunhats, sun-visors, swimming caps, aprons being clothing, boxer shorts, camisoles, caps being headwear, headgear for wear, jackets, waterproof and water resistant outer garments, waterproof and water resistant outer clothes, footwear uppers, heel pieces and tips for footwear, studs, spikes and metal fittings for footwear, welts for boots and shoes, heels for boots and shoes, tips for foot-wear, soles, inner soles, non-slipping devices for footwear, articles of industrial and work footwear, headgear and clothing, protective and safety footwear other than for protection against injury or accident, waterproof and water resistant clothing, headwear, footwear, slippers, bath sandals and bath slippers, dance shoes, ladies shoes, leather shoes, high heeled shoes, shoes with stiletto heels, ladies shoes with heels, dancewear including footwear, beachwear including footwear, shoes, boots, trainers, flip-flops, sandals mules, slip on shoes, slip on boots, moccasin, loafers, deck shoes, plimsolls, Wellington boots, beach shoes, shoes for windsurfing and water sports, parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
UK00002577663
Word
Individual