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1,663 Construction and Repair Services Trademarks (Class 37) starting with Q found

75224179
Dead/Abandoned

on 21 Dec 1998

QUADRA SEAL

TEAM ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.

75224179 · 08 Jan 1997

006

037

leak servicing and sealing devices for pipelines and other conduits, n...

75185448
Dead/Abandoned

on 24 Feb 1998

QUALITYONE

QualityONE, Inc.

75185448 · 22 Oct 1996

037

roofing contract roofing service,roofing contract roofing service

75168069
Dead/Abandoned

on 23 Oct 1997

QUICK CHANGE ARTISTS

Celehar, Louise

75168069 · 17 Sep 1996

037

interior design,interior design

75161043
Dead/Abandoned

on 07 Jul 1997

QUALIMARQ

Delmarva Power & Light Company

75161043 · 03 Sep 1996

037

042

installation services, namely, installation of equipment to provide he...

75155462
Dead/Abandoned

on 02 Dec 1999

QUIK STOP

SPECIALTY AUTOMOTIVE SERVICES INC.

75155462 · 26 Aug 1996

037

QUICK STOP,vehicle lubrication services, construction and repair,QUICK...

75127258
Dead/Cancelled

on 24 Sep 2005

QUAKER STATE

Q Lube, Inc.

75127258 · 28 Jul 1996

037

The mark consists of the words "QUAKER STATE" in white and the roof li...

75137628
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Aug 2010

Q3 TELECOM

TEXAS O.A.P. INC.

75137628 · 22 Jul 1996

037

038

telephone communications services,installation, repair and maintenance...

75071074
Dead/Cancelled

on 13 Dec 2003

QUIET DISTINCTION

L'Auberge Communities Inc.

75071074 · 12 Mar 1996

036

037

apartment development services,apartment development services,apartmen...

75026284
Dead/Abandoned

on 12 Sep 1997

QUALITY FIRST PRO-MASTER

PRIME PEST MANAGEMENT, INC.

75026284 · 30 Nov 1995

037

cleaning services in the fields of offices and business premises; carp...

75017953
Dead/Abandoned

on 17 Jan 1997

Q

Qualtos Computer Corporation

75017953 · 13 Nov 1995

037

installation and maintenance of computer hardware, software and periph...

74734980
Dead/Cancelled

on 01 May 2004

QCARE

ATL WASHINGTON, INC.

74734980 · 27 Sep 1995

037

maintenance services for medical diagnostic ultrasound systems,mainten...

74650042
Dead/Cancelled

on 12 Jun 2004

Q LUBE EXPRESS

Q Lube, Inc.

74650042 · 22 Mar 1995

037

automotive and truck repair and maintenance services,automotive and tr...

74602505
Dead/Cancelled

on 03 Aug 2002

QUESTECH

QuesTech, Inc.

74602505 · 23 Nov 1994

037

construction and repair of building facilities, test ranges, computer ...

74588239
Dead/Abandoned

on 30 Nov 1995

QUALITY HOME INSPECTORS OF AMERICA, INC.

Quality Home Inspectors of America, Inc.

74588239 · 28 Oct 1994

037

building inspection services, and environmental inspection services,QU...

74593295
Dead/Abandoned

on 22 May 1996

Q.R.S.

Raymond Gummalauskas and Robert Radits Partnership, The

74593295 · 27 Oct 1994

037

The mark consists of a "Q" with an "RS" in the center.,installation, r...

74591405
Dead/Cancelled

on 24 Aug 2002

QUALITY IMAGE SERVICES

ADT Automotive, Inc.

74591405 · 27 Oct 1994

037

automobile restoration, painting and body repairing,"QUALITY" and "SER...

74578770
Dead/Abandoned

on 20 Aug 1996

QUIKTRON

QUIKTRON, INC.

74578770 · 26 Sep 1994

009

037

computer cable and to install computers,installation of computer cable...

74557223
Dead/Cancelled

on 20 Jul 2002

QUAKE BUSTERS

Berghoff, Daniel

74557223 · 04 Aug 1994

037

building restoration services, construction planning and consulting se...

74555793
Dead/Abandoned

on 19 Jan 1996

QWIKSELL

Zuzow, D. Darren

74555793 · 01 Aug 1994

037

QUICK SELL,building construction services for the restoration, repair,...

74554576
Dead/Cancelled

on 05 Apr 2003

QUALITY SERVICE WITH INTEGRITY

Sanifill, Inc.

74554576 · 26 Jul 1994

037

040

...

municipal and industrial sewage sludge treatment and recycling,waste d...

74521224
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Jun 2014

Q CAR SAVER

Q Lube, Inc.

74521224 · 06 May 1994

037

automotive and truck repair and maintenance services,"CAR SAVER","CAR ...

74459118
Dead/Cancelled

on 04 Nov 2001

QUALITY BEYOND CODE

CENTEX REAL ESTATE CORPORATION

74459118 · 17 Nov 1993

037

constructions of buildings and homes,constructions of buildings and ho...

74428101
Dead/Cancelled

on 13 Nov 2015

QLT

CREATIVE AMUSEMENT SERVICES, INC.

74428101 · 24 Aug 1993

009

037

video imaging systems comprising computers, dot matrix printers, therm...

74421245
Dead/Cancelled

on 19 Jan 2002

QUALIMARK

QualiMark Fleet Service Systems, Inc.

74421245 · 06 Aug 1993

037

maintenance and repair services for the preservation and restoration o...

74395909
Dead/Abandoned

on 21 Feb 1995

QUICK CHARGE

Confalone, James

74395909 · 28 May 1993

037

electric vehicle battery charging services,electric vehicle battery ch...

74395003
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Jun 2014

Q QUAKER STATE

PENNZOIL-QUAKER STATE COMPANY

74395003 · 26 May 1993

037

automotive maintenance services,Q,Q,automotive maintenance services

74373729
Dead/Cancelled

on 09 Mar 2002

Q BFI QUALITY IN QUALITY OUT.

BROWNING-FERRIS INDUSTRIES, INC.

74373729 · 30 Mar 1993

037

040

recyclable materials treatment services,residential and commercial was...

74350949
Dead/Abandoned

on 03 Jan 1994

QUALITY CONSTRUCTION

74350949 · 22 Jan 1993

037

construction and repair,construction and repair

74319081
Dead/Cancelled

on 02 Jul 2002

QUICKLAB

LECTRA SYSTEMES

74319081 · 29 Sep 1992

007

009

...

machines and machine tools used in the garment, upholstery and shoe in...

74309046
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Oct 2001

QUASECT

GRINDERS CLEARING HOUSE

74309046 · 31 Aug 1992

007

037

industrial machinery; namely, centerless grinding machines and compone...

74302790
Dead/Abandoned

on 30 Sep 1994

QUALITY PLUS ROAD SERVICE PLAN

CHEMICAL BANKING CORPORATION

74302790 · 10 Aug 1992

037

039

...

"QUALITY" and "ROAD SERVICE PLAN",travel guidance services; namely, pr...

74255041
Dead/Abandoned

on 01 Feb 1993

QUANTUM

SINGER SEWING COMPANY

74255041 · 13 Mar 1992

037

maintenance and repair services in the field of domestic sewing machin...

74251946
Dead/Cancelled

on 09 Jun 2001

QUALITY AUTO CENTERS

KPM AUTO, INC.

74251946 · 04 Mar 1992

037

automobile service and repair facilities,"QUALITY AUTO CENTERS",automo...

74247561
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Apr 1999

QUALITY YOU CAN COME HOME TO

Sterling Designs, Inc.

74247561 · 19 Feb 1992

037

home construction services,home construction services

74243691
Dead/Cancelled

on 12 Apr 1999

QUALITY ASSURANCE: THE FINAL MILE

Assix International, Inc.

74243691 · 06 Feb 1992

037

tire and rim correction and balancing services,tire and rim correction...

74242985
Dead/Cancelled

on 20 Jul 1999

QUEST Q1

All Green Corporation

74242985 · 03 Feb 1992

037

042

pest control services,lawn, tree and shrub care services,pest control ...

74241678
Dead/Cancelled

on 12 Feb 2016

QASYS

QA Systems, Inc.

74241678 · 29 Jan 1992

037

042

product development of application development software and custom com...

74138382
Dead/Abandoned

on 02 Mar 1993

QUALITY AMERICAN

Quality American Tank, Inc.

74138382 · 11 Feb 1991

037

construction of field erected tanks,construction of field erected tank...

74126161
Dead/Cancelled

on 27 Jun 2014

QUAKER STATE Q LUBE

Q LUBE, INC.

74126161 · 21 Dec 1990

037

automotive and truck repair and maintenance services,automotive and tr...

74124131
Dead/Cancelled

on 20 Jul 2002

QUATERNARIO

PERMASTEELISA S.P.A.

74124131 · 17 Dec 1990

019

020

...

furniture; namely, mirrors; picture frames,construction and repair ser...

74107391
Dead/Cancelled

on 25 May 1998

QRS

ITEL CONTAINERS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

74107391 · 19 Oct 1990

037

039

...

training services in the use, construction, maintenance, and repair of...

74104452
Dead/Cancelled

on 02 Nov 1998

QUICK STOP

Throckmorton Enterprises, Inc.

74104452 · 09 Oct 1990

037

vehicle service station services,vehicle service station services

74096184
Dead/Abandoned

on 02 May 1992

QUICK STITCH

Jackson, Kenneth W.

74096184 · 12 Sep 1990

037

tailor and seamstress repairs and alterations,tailor and seamstress re...

74094736
Dead/Abandoned

on 11 Sep 1996

QUALITY Q

Essenburg Car Wash of Holland, Inc.

74094736 · 06 Sep 1990

037

042

retail convenient store services; retail sale services of gasoline and...

74091802
Dead/Cancelled

on 13 Jul 2001

QUICKEDI

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

74091802 · 24 Aug 1990

037

042

Quick-EDI,consulting services concerning intitial start up and impleme...

74087129
Dead/Cancelled

on 09 Mar 1998

QLII SERVICES, INC.

QL II Inc.

74087129 · 09 Aug 1990

037

repairing air filters used in air conditioning units and in paint boot...

74085305
Dead/Cancelled

on 11 Jan 1999

Q2 QUALITY X QUICK SERVICE

Q-SQUARED SERVICE, INC.

74085305 · 06 Aug 1990

037

042

q2 quality x quick service,repair of computer monitors,q2 quality x qu...

74046681
Dead/Cancelled

on 08 Sep 1997

QUICK FIT QUALITY ALTERATIONS DONE FAST

R. W. Furr Clothiers, Inc.

74046681 · 06 Apr 1990

037

clothing alteration services,"QUALITY ALTERATIONS DONE FAST",clothing ...

73812639
Dead/Abandoned

on 05 Mar 1991

Q102 PHILADELPHIA

PROFESSIONAL BROADCASTING INCORPORATED

73812639 · 13 Jul 1989

037

Q102,RADIO BROADCASTING SERVICES,RADIO BROADCASTING SERVICES,Q102,"PHI...

73778950
Dead/Cancelled

on 15 Jul 1996

QUALI-FLO

AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

73778950 · 06 Feb 1989

037

039

DELIVERY OF LIQUID NITROGEN,INSTALLATION OF LIQUID NITROGEN STORAGE TA...

73749604
Dead/Cancelled

on 23 Jul 1996

QCI

FIRST MISSISSIPPI CORPORATION

73749604 · 01 Sep 1988

001

037

CUSTOM MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS FOR OTHERS,THE MARK CONSISTS OF THE LE...

73750174
Dead/Cancelled

on 15 Jan 2016

QCI

CHEMFIRST INC.

73750174 · 01 Sep 1988

001

037

CUSTOM MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS FOR OTHERS,CHEMICALS, NAMELY, INTERMED...

73670612
Dead/Cancelled

on 08 May 1995

QRONOS

QRONOS TECHNOLOGY, INC.

73670612 · 02 Jul 1987

009

037

COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SERVICES FOR OTHERS IN THE PROCESS I...

73663694
Dead/Cancelled

on 17 Jan 2009

QUANTUM LASER

QUANTUM LASER CORPORATION

73663694 · 01 Jun 1987

037

040

LASER CLADDING, LASER ALLOYING, LASER HEAT TREATING, LASER WELDING,LAS...

73663989
Dead/Cancelled

on 22 Aug 1994

QUALITY PROS

SANTIAGO AIR CONDITIONING, INC.

73663989 · 01 Jun 1987

037

INSTALLATION, REPAIR AND SERVICING OF HEATING, VENTILATING, AIR CONDIT...

73652980
Dead/Abandoned

on 29 Feb 1988

QUICK STOP PIT STOP

QUICK STOP PIT STOP, INC.

73652980 · 03 Apr 1987

037

AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES PERFORMED AT THE CUSTOMERS'...

73634787
Dead/Cancelled

on 05 Dec 1994

QIK N EZ

CHRONISTER OIL COMPANY

73634787 · 11 Dec 1986

037

042

RETAIL CONVENIENCE STORE SERVICES,SERVICE STATION SERVICES,SERVICE STA...

73631393
Dead/Cancelled

on 04 Jul 1994

QUANTUM

QUANTUM ASSOCIATES

73631393 · 20 Nov 1986

036

037

LEASING AND MANAGING COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE,PLANNING AN...

73617419
Dead/Cancelled

on 16 Jan 1995

Q

QUANTUM ASSOCIATES

73617419 · 29 Aug 1986

036

037

PLANNING AND LAYING OUT COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CENTERS,LEASING AND ...

73617425
Dead/Abandoned

on 17 Jun 1987

QUICK SERVICE

QUICK SERVICE CORP.

73617425 · 29 Aug 1986

037

REPAIR OF DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL APPLIANCES,REPAIR OF DOMESTIC AND CO...

73612899
Dead/Cancelled

on 09 May 2008

QUALITY HOMES BY DESIGN

TB PROPRIETARY CORP.

73612899 · 04 Aug 1986

036

037

CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED HOMES, TOWNHOUSES AND LOW-RISE ...

73607831
Dead/Expired

on 28 Feb 2009

QUINTEX

Reliance Communications, LLC

73607831 · 03 Jul 1986

037

042

INSTALLATION AND ON-LINE HOOKUP OF CELLULAR TELEPHONES,QUINTECH,RETAIL...

73602897
Dead/Cancelled

on 07 Feb 1994

Q

QUORNDEN INC.

73602897 · 09 Jun 1986

037

HOUSEKEEPING, LAUNDRY AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR HEALTH CARE INSTITU...

73602898
Dead/Cancelled

on 07 Feb 1994

QUORNDEN

QUORNDEN INC.

73602898 · 09 Jun 1986

037

HOUSEKEEPING, LAUNDRY AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR HEALTH CARE INSTITU...

73594141
Dead/Abandoned

on 24 Feb 1987

QUALITY BRAKES

QUALITY BRAKES CORPORATION

73594141 · 18 Apr 1986

037

AUTOMOTIVE PARTS AND SERVICE,AUTOMOTIVE PARTS AND SERVICE

73591996
Dead/Abandoned

on 14 Jan 1988

QUALITY CONTROLLED IN-PLACE RECYCLING

BROWN & BROWN, INC.

73591996 · 07 Apr 1986

037

PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE SERVICES,PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE SERVICES

73580236
Dead/Cancelled

on 12 Apr 1993

QUALITY CALL

QUALITY CALL INTERNATIONAL, INC.

73580236 · 30 Jan 1986

035

037

REPAIR, IMPROVEMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROP...

73565935
Dead/Cancelled

on 18 Apr 2009

QUADRO

BETONWERKE MUNDERKINGEN GMBH

73565935 · 30 Oct 1985

019

037

PAVING BLOCKS,DESIGN OF PAVED AREAS,4,DESIGN OF PAVED AREAS,PAVING BLO...

73563589
Dead/Abandoned

on 16 Apr 1987

QUANTE

73563589 · 17 Oct 1985

009

037

...

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS; INSTALLATION AND ASSEMBLY OF RADIO AND COMMU...

73550638
Dead/Cancelled

on 16 Nov 1992

QUALITY-SERVICE FURNITUREMASTER

BOKOR, MICHAEL

73550638 · 29 Jul 1985

037

FURNITURE REPAIR AND RESTORATION SERVICES, AND CONSULTING RELATED THER...

73538426
Dead/Abandoned

on 27 Mar 1986

QWIK LUBE ISN'T IT TIME FOR A CHANGE?

ALASKA QWIK LUBE, INC.

73538426 · 20 May 1985

037

LUBRICATION SERVICES,QUIK LUBE QUICK LUBE,LUBRICATION SERVICES,QUIK LU...

73537082
Dead/Cancelled

on 29 Mar 1993

QUALITY STARTS HERE

APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.

73537082 · 13 May 1985

009

037

APPARATUS FOR TREATING WAFERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVI...

73504458
Dead/Abandoned

on 14 May 1986

QUORUM

J.D. SIMS & CO.

73504458 · 18 Oct 1984

036

037

PLANNING AND LAYING OUT COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS PARK PROPERTY FOR OTHE...

73504241
Dead/Cancelled

on 06 Nov 1991

QUINTEL

Quintel Corporation

73504241 · 17 Oct 1984

037

Maintenance and Repair Services for Equipment for Analyzing the Volati...

73499644
Dead/Cancelled

on 18 Feb 2006

QCM

QUABAUG CORPORATION

73499644 · 17 Sep 1984

037

Custom Mixing of Rubber and Synthetic Compounds,Custom Mixing of Rubbe...

73486351
Dead/Cancelled

on 05 Aug 1991

Q

Dilworth; Sam

73486351 · 21 Jun 1984

037

Servicing and Repairing Time Pieces,The mark consists in part of the l...

73400571
Dead/Cancelled

on 13 Nov 2004

QUALITY PERFORMANCE FOR BETTER IRRIGATION

Valmont Industries, Inc.

73400571 · 22 Oct 1982

037

Repair and Maintenance for Others of Irrigation Equipment,Repair and M...

73379495
Dead/Abandoned

on 04 Nov 1983

QUIK STOP TUNE AND LUBE

GAMBOLD, JOHN DANIEL JR.

73379495 · 11 Aug 1982

037

AUTOMATIVE SERVICE,AUTOMATIVE SERVICE

73308533
Dead/Abandoned

on 26 Aug 1983

QUALITY TUNE-UP SHOPS

QUALITY TUNE-UP, INC.

73308533 · 04 May 1981

037

AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES; THE SERVICE OF TUNING AUTOMOTIVE ENGI...

73281674
Dead/Cancelled

on 12 Sep 1990

QUICK-STOP

Quickstop Oil Change Inc.

73281674 · 14 Oct 1980

037

Automotive Lubrication and Tune-Up Services,Automotive Lubrication and...

73226770
Dead/Cancelled

on 14 Oct 1988

QWIK-JON

Herron; John R.

73226770 · 09 Aug 1979

037

Sewer & Drain Cleaning Service,QUICK-JOHN,Sewer & Drain Cleaning Servi...

73221819
Dead/Cancelled

on 07 Apr 1989

QARTEL

Qartel Corporation

73221819 · 02 Jul 1979

037

039

CARTEL,Leasing Material Handling Equipment, Mining Equipment and Const...

73194808
Dead/Cancelled

on 19 May 2001

QUICK-CAR

HALLIBURTON COMPANY

73194808 · 24 Nov 1978

037

RAILROAD CAR REPAIR SERVICES,RAILROAD CAR REPAIR SERVICES

73150374
Dead/Cancelled

on 24 Dec 1986

QUADRAVILLA

POWELL & HUNTLEY, INC.

73150374 · 30 Nov 1977

019

037

...

DESIGNING OF HOMES,HOMES,HOMES,BUILDING OF HOMES TO THE ORDER AND SPEC...

73126223
Dead/Cancelled

on 26 Feb 1985

QUIK TUNE

Kartune Centers, Inc.

73126223 · 11 May 1977

037

SERVICE OF AUTOMOBILE TUNE-UPS,"TUNE",SERVICE OF AUTOMOBILE TUNE-UPS,"...

73108852
Dead/Cancelled

on 07 Jan 1986

QUIET-KOTE

QUIET-KOTE INSULATOR CO.

73108852 · 08 Dec 1976

017

037

QUIET-COAT,INSULATION,SERVICE OF INSULATING VEHICLES,QUIET-COAT,INSULA...

73085756
Dead/Expired

on 17 Mar 1999

Q-5 COMMUNICATIONS

WITTE, STEPHEN J.

73085756 · 03 May 1976

037

THE DESCRIPTIVE WORD "COMMUNICATIONS" IS DISCLAIMED APART FROM THE MAR...

73069290
Dead/Cancelled

on 22 Mar 1983

QUIK KARTUNE

KARTUNE CENTERS, INC.

73069290 · 17 Nov 1975

037

AUTOMOBILE TUNE-UPS,"KARTUNE",AUTOMOBILE TUNE-UPS,"KARTUNE"

73042861
Dead/Expired

on 29 Apr 1997

QUALITRON

QUALITRON CORPORATION

73042861 · 28 Jan 1975

037

CUSTOM MANUFACTURING SERVICES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOTOMASKS AND CH...

72348593
Dead/Expired

on 02 Aug 1993

QUANTAR

TELEDYNE MID-AMERICA CORPORATION

72348593 · 14 Jan 1970

006

037

CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS USED IN DRAFTING-NAMELY, LIQUID FOR SENSITIZING ...

80988423
Dead/Cancelled

on 30 Dec 1980

QG

Potlatch Corporation

80988423 · 31 Dec 1969

037

76659707
Indifferent

on 13 Jun 2006

QUALITY AUTO SERVICE

RECCHI, STEVE

76659707 · 31 Dec 1969

037

auto repair,auto repair

72328688
Dead/Expired

on 28 Apr 2001

QUALI-SNAP

FLESH COMPANY, THE

72328688 · 29 May 1969

037

BUSINESS FORMS INCLUDING UNIT ONETIME CARBON SETS AND UNIT SETS WITH C...

72328687
Dead/Expired

on 04 Nov 1992

QUALI-FORM

FLESH COMPANY, THE

72328687 · 29 May 1969

037

BUSINESS AND OFFICE FORMS,BUSINESS AND OFFICE FORMS

72293698
Dead/Expired

on 04 Nov 1992

QWIK-STRIP

MAYERS, LAWRENCE S.

72293698 · 20 Mar 1968

037

SELF-STICKING CLAMPS FOR HOLDING SHEET MATERIAL,QUICK-STRIP,SELF-STICK...

72274530
Dead/Cancelled

on 22 May 2012

QUICKI-DEX

DENNISON NATIONAL COMPANY

72274530 · 22 Jun 1967

037

FILE CARD KIT FOR PERSONAL USE COMPRISING CARDS, INDEX CARDS, AND HOLD...

72266238
Dead/Expired

on 03 Nov 1992

QUARTET

KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION

72266238 · 08 Mar 1967

037

TABLE NAPKINS, COASTERS, AND PLACEMATS MADE OF PAPER,TABLE NAPKINS, CO...

72264197
Dead/Expired

on 03 Nov 1992

QUICKY INKER

CHADBOURN FINANCE COMPANY

72264197 · 08 Feb 1967

037

NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE TERM "INKER" APART FROM THE MARK IN ITS ENTIRE...

72213307
Dead/Expired

on 21 Oct 2006

QUALI-TAB

FLESH COMPANY, THE

72213307 · 04 Mar 1965

037

BUSINESS FORMS INCLUDING CONTINUOUS FORMS USED IN DATA PROCESSING EQUI...

72183623
Dead/Expired

on 18 Aug 1985

QUALI-WRAP

QUALITAD SALES CORPORATION, THE

72183623 · 26 Dec 1963

037

SANDWICH WRAPPERS,SANDWICH WRAPPERS