About 22 Trademarks found for “IDI”

Golf clubs.

Golf clubs.

Publishing of journals, books and handbooks in the field of medicine; Courses (Training -) relating to medicine; Arranging and conducting of conferences, congresses and symposiums; Organisation of conferences and symposia in the field of medical science; Publication of training manuals; Arranging and conducting of seminars and workshops; Publication of printed matter relating to education; Publication of the results of clinical trials; Publication of the results of clinical trials for pharmaceutical preparations.

Scientific and technological research and development services, In the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical field; Laboratory research services relating to dermatology; Consultancy relating to research and development in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical field; Development of pharmaceutical preparations and medicines; Clinical research; Conducting clinical trials for pharmaceutical products; Providing information about the results of clinical trials for pharmaceutical products.

Business information services; Business assistance, management and administrative services; Collection and systematization of business data; Business appraisal; Business appraisal; Efficiency experts; Providing market intelligence services; Strategic business planning; Business consultancy and advisory services; Public relations services; Consultancy regarding public relations communications strategy; Commercial intermediation services; Arranging of business introductions; Arranging of commercial and business contacts; all services relating to financial investments.

Financial and monetary services, and banking; Financial information, data, advice and consultancy services; Financial investment; Investment services; Capital management; Provision of investment capital.

Hardware (Computer -); Computer hardware; Mobile telephone batteries; Cell phones; Electronic tablets; Mobile telephones .

Business assistance relating to franchising; business assistance relating to the establishment of franchises; advisory services relating to franchising; provision of business advice relating to franchising; advice in the running of establishments as franchises; provision of business information relating to franchising; advisory services relating to publicity for franchisees; provision of business assistance in the establishment and operation of franchises; franchisee recruitment services; acting as an agent for the sale of franchise businesses and master franchise businesses; organising exhibitions and events for commercial and advertising purposes; organising, arranging and conducting seminars, workshops and exhibitions for commercial and advertising purpose; business consultancy; business management and consultancy; business advice and consultancy; advisory services relating to the operation of franchises.

Information about education;Information on education;Education information services;Education services in the nature of courses at the university level;Arranging of competitions for education or entertainment;Education services;Information relating to education, provided on-line from a computer database or the internet;Providing of education;Provision of education on-line from a computer database or via the internet or extranets;Education;Adult education services;Computer assisted education services;Education academy services;Education examination;Education services related to the arts;Education services relating to computers.

Administration of business affairs; Administration of businesses; Administration relating to business appraisal; Administration relating to business planning; Administration relating to marketing; Administration relating to sales methods; Advice and information concerning commercial business management; Advice relating to business management; Advice relating to business organisation; Advice relating to commercial management; Advice relating to personnel management; Advice relating to the organisation and management of business; Advising commercial enterprises in the conduct of their business; Advising industrial enterprises in the conduct of their business; Advisory service for organizational issues and business administration, with and without the help of electronic data bases; Advisory services (business-) relating to the management of businesses; Advisory services (business-) relating to the management of public sector businesses; Advisory services for business management; Advisory services relating to business management; Advisory services relating to business management and business operations; Advisory services relating to business organisation; Advisory services relating to business planning; Advisory services relating to business risk management; Advisory services relating to commercial planning; Advisory services relating to corporate identity; Advisory services relating to customer service; Advisory services relating to marketing; Advisory services relating to personnel placement; Advisory services relating to personnel recruitment; Advisory services relating to public relations; Advisory services relating to sales promotion; Advisory services relating to the corporate structure of businesses; Advisory services relating to the corporate structure of companies; Advisory services relating to the purchase of goods on behalf of business; Advisory services relating to the purchase of goods on behalf of others; Analyses and appraisals of enterprises; Analysis of business information; Analysis of business management systems; Analysis of business statistics; Analysis of company attitudes; Analysis of company behaviour; Analysis of market research data; Analysis of market research data and statistics; Analysis of market research statistics; Analysis of the public awareness of advertising; Analysis relating to marketing; Appraisal of business opportunities; Appraisals (business-);Appraisals (Business -);Assistance, advisory services and consultancy with regard to business analysis; Assistance, advisory services and consultancy with regard to business management; Assistance, advisory services and consultancy with regard to business organization; Assistance, advisory services and consultancy with regard to business planning; Assistance and advice regarding business management; Assistance and advice regarding business organization; Assistance and consultancy services in the field of business management of companies in the energy sector; Assistance (business management-);Assistance (Business management -);Assistance in business management within the framework of a franchise contract; Assistance in franchised commercial business management; Assistance in management of business activities; Assistance in product commercialization, within the framework of a franchise contract; Assistance relating to business organisation; Assistance relating to recruitment and placement of staff; Assistance to commercial enterprises in the management of their business; Assistance to industrial enterprises in the conduct of their business; Assistance to industrial or commercial enterprises in the running of their business; Assistance to management in commercial enterprises in respect of advertising; Assistance to management in commercial enterprises in respect of public relations; Assistance with business management; Assistance with business planning; Benchmarking (evaluation of business organisation practices);Benchmarking services; Business advice; Business advice and information; Business advisory and consultancy services; Business advisory and information services; Business advisory services; Business advisory services, consultancy and information; Business advisory services relating to company performance; Business analysis; Business analysis of markets; Business and management consultancy services; Business and market research; Business appraisal; Business appraisal services; Business appraisals; Business appraisals and evaluations in business matters; Business assistance; Business assistance, management and information services; Business assistance relating to business image; Business assistance relating to corporate identity; Business consultancy; Business consultancy, advisory, information and research services; Business consultancy and advisory services; Business consultancy (professional-);Business consultancy (Professional -);Business consultancy relating to the administration of information technology; Business consultancy services; Business consultancy to firms; Business consultancy to individuals; Business consultation; Business consultation and management regarding launching of new products; Business consultation and management regarding marketing activities; Business consultation services; Business consulting; Business consulting for enterprises; Business consulting services; Business data analysis; Business data analysis services; Business development; Business development services; Business efficiency advice; Business efficiency expert services; Business efficiency studies; Business Enquiries; Business enquiry services; Business evaluation services; Business examinations services; Business expertise services; Business information; Business information agency services; Business information and advisory services; Business information and inquiries; Business information and research services; Business information (compilation of-);Business information for enterprises (Provision of -);Business information (provision of-);Business information services; Business information services provided on-line from a computer database or the internet; Business information services provided online from a global computer network or the internet; Business information storage and retrieval; Business information storage and retrieval services; Business inquiries; Business intelligence services; Business intermediary and advisory services in the field of selling products and rendering services; Business investigations, evaluations, expert appraisals, information and research; Business management; Business management advice; Business management advice relating to manufacturing business; Business management advisory services; Business management advisory services relating to commercial enterprises; Business management and advice; Business management and advisory services; Business management and consultancy services; Business management and consulting services; Business management and enterprise organization consultancy; Business management and organization consultancy; Business management assistance; Business management assistance for industrial or commercial companies; Business management consultancy; Business management consultancy, also via the Internet; Business management consultancy and advisory services; Business management consultancy as well as development of processes for the analysis and the implementation of strategy plans and management projects; Business management consultancy in the field of transport and delivery; Business management consultancy services; Business management consultation; Business management consulting; Business management consulting services; Business management consulting services in the field of information technology; Business management consulting with relation to strategy, marketing, production, personnel and retail sale matters; Business management for a trade company and for a service company; Business management organisation; Business management organisation consultancy; Business management planning; Business management services; Business management services relating to the acquisition of businesses; Business management services relating to the development of businesses; Business management supervision; Business marketing consultation services; Business marketing services; Business merchandising display services; Business merger consultation; Business merger services; Business mergers (advice relating to-);Business networking services; Business office services; Business operation, business administration and office functions; Business organisation; Business organisation (advice relating to -);Business organisation and management consulting services; Business organisation consultancy; Business organisation consulting; Business organization advice; Business organization and management consultancy including personnel management; Business organization and management consulting; Business organization and operation consultancy; Business organization consultancy; Business organization consulting; Business organizational consultation; Business planning; Business planning consultancy; Business planning services; Business planning services for enterprises; Business process management and consulting; Business project management; Business reports (preparation of-); Business reports (writing of-);Business research; Business research and advisory services; Business research and information services; Business research and surveys; Business research for new businesses; Business research for new services; Business research services; Business risk assessment services; Business risk management services; Business statistical analysis; Business statistical information services; Business statistical studies; Business strategic planning; Business strategic planning services; Business strategy and planning services; Business strategy development services; Business strategy services; Business studies; Business succession planning; Business supervision; Business supervision [on behalf of others];Business surveys; Collecting business information; Collecting business statistics; Collecting information for business; Collection and systematisation of information into computer databases; Collection of commercial information; Collection of data; Collection of information relating to market analysis; Collection of information relating to market research; Collection of information relating to market studies; Collection of market research information; Collection of statistics for business; Commercial assistance in business management; Commercial business management; Commercial consultancy; Commercial information (compilation of-);Commercial information (provision of-);Commercial information (Provision of );Commercial management; Commercial management advisory services; Commercial management assistance; Commercial management consultancy; Commercial or industrial management assistance; Company data information services; Company information (searches relating to-);Company management [for others];Company management, including consultancy in demographic matters; Compilation of business data; Compilation of business information; Compilation of business statistics; Compilation of business statistics and commercial information; Compilation of company information; Compilation of statistical information; Compilation of statistics; Compilation of statistics [for business or commercial purposes];Compiling of information into computer databases; Conducting business and market research surveys; Conducting market surveys; Conducting of business appraisals; Conducting of business research; Conducting of market research; Conducting of marketing studies; Conducting of productivity studies; Consultancy and advisory services in the field of business strategy; Consultancy of personnel recruitment; Consultancy (professional business-);Consultancy (Professional business -); Consultancy regarding business organisation and business economics; Consultancy regarding the organization or managing of a trade company; Consultancy relating to business efficiency; Consultancy relating to business management; Consultancy relating to business organisation; Consultancy relating to business planning; Consultancy relating to management selection; Consultancy relating to marketing; Consultancy relating to personnel management; Consultancy relating to personnel recruitment; Consultancy relating to public relations; Consultancy relating to sales promotions; Consultancy relating to the establishment and running of businesses; Consultancy relating to the management of personnel; Consultancy relating to the organisation of promotional campaigns for business; Consultancy relating to the preparation of business statistics; Consultancy relating to the selection of personnel; Consultancy services regarding business strategies; Consultations (professional -) relating to businesses; Consultations relating to business management; Consultations relating to business promotion; Consulting in sales techniques and sales programmes; Consulting services in business organization and management; Consulting services relating to marketing; Consumer market information services; Consumer research; Corporate identity services; Corporate management assistance; Corporate management consultancy; Corporate planning; Counselling on business matters; Efficiency (business-) expert services; Efficiency expert services; Efficiency experts; Evaluation of business opportunities; Evaluation of personnel requirements; Evaluations relating to business management in commercial enterprises; Evaluations relating to business management in industrial enterprises; Evaluations relating to business management in professional enterprises; Evaluations relating to commercial matters; Human resources consultancy; Human resources consultation; Human resources management; Information about sales methods; Information, advisory and consultancy services relating to business and management or business administration, including such services provided on line or via the internet; Information agencies (Commercial -);Information and data compiling and analyzing relating to business management; Information and expert opinions relating to companies and business; Information (business-); Information (Business -);Information in business matters; Information or enquiries on business and marketing; Information services relating to business matters; Information services relating to businesses; Inquiries (Business -); International business representation services; Interpretation of market research data; Interviewing for qualitative market research; Interviewing services [for personnel recruitment];Investigation services relating to business; Investigations (business-);Investigations (Business -); Investigations in relation to unfair business practices; Investigations of marketing strategy; Management advice; Management (advisory services for business-);Management (Advisory services for business -);Management advisory services for businesses; Management and operation assistance to commercial businesses; Management assistance; Management assistance (commercial or industrial-); Management assistance (Commercial or industrial -);Management assistance for industrial organisations; Management assistance for promoting business; Management assistance in business affairs; Management assistance in the establishment of commercial undertakings; Management assistance to commercial companies; Management assistance to commercial firms; Management consultancy (personnel-);Management consultancy (Personnel -); Management consultations relating to business; Management consulting; Management of a retail enterprise for others; Management of business [for others];Management of business projects [for others];Market analysis; Market analysis and research; Market analysis and research services; Market analysis reports; Market analysis services; Market analysis services relating to the availability of goods; Market analysis services relating to the sale of goods; Market analysis studies; Market assessment consultancy; Market assessment services; Market campaigns; Market information services relating to market statistics; Market investigation via the telephone; Market research; Market research and analysis; Market research and analysis services; Market research and business analyses; Market research studies; Market segmentation consultation; Market studies; Market study and analysis of market studies; Market survey analysis; Market surveys; Market surveys conducted by telephone; Marketing; Marketing advisory services; Marketing agency services; Marketing analysis; Marketing analysis services; Marketing assistance; Marketing (business advice relating to -); Marketing research; Marketing research services; Marketing services; Marketing studies; Obtaining business statistics [for others];Operational business assistance to enterprises; Personal management consultancy services; Preparation of business reports; Preparation of business statistical data; Preparation of business statistics; Preparation of commercial reports; Preparation of corporate literature; Preparation of documents relating to business; Preparation of project studies relating to business matters; Processing of business survey results; Professional business consultancy; Professional business consultancy services; Professional business consultation; Professional business consultation relating to the operation of businesses; Professional business consulting; Professional consultancy relating to business management; Professional consultancy relating to business matters; Professional consultancy relating to marketing; Project studies for businesses; Project studies relating to business matters (preparation of-);Providing business information, also via internet, the cable network or other forms of data transfer; Provision of business and commercial information; Provision of business assistance; Provision of business data; Provision of business information; Provision of business management assistance; Provision of business management information; Provision of business statistical information; Provision of business statistical information relating to medical matters; Provision of commercial business information by means of a computer database; Provision of commercial information; Provision of commercial information [business];Provision of computerised business information; Provision of computerised business information data; Provision of computerised business management information; Provision of computerised business statistics; Provision of computerised data relating to business; Provision of computerised information relating to business records; Provision of information concerning commercial sales; Provision of information relating to business; Provision of information relating to commerce; Provision of information relating to marketing; Provision of information relating to recruitment; Provision of management personnel; Provision of market research information; Provision of marketing information; Provision of marketing reports; Provision of sales analyses; Provision of statistical information relating to business; Psychological testing for the selection of personnel; Psychometric testing for the selection of personnel; Recruitment consultancy services; Recruitment consultants in the financial services field; Research (business-);Research (Business -); Research (market-);Research of business information; Research services relating to business; Research services relating to marketing; Risk management consultancy [business];Sales demonstration [for others];Sales promotion; Sales promotion for others; Statistical evaluations of marketing data; Statistical information (provision of business-);Statistical studies (business-);Statistics (Compilation of -); Statistics (preparation of business-);Strategic business consultancy; Strategic business planning; Supervision of businesses on behalf of others; Support for employees with regard to business matters; Surveys (business-);Surveys for business purposes; Surveys (market-);Testing (Psychological -) for the selection of personnel; Testing (psychological-) for the selection of personnel; Writing of business project reports; Writing of business project studies; Writing of business reports.

Adult education services; Adult education services relating to commerce; Adult education services relating to finance; Adult education services relating to management; Adult training; Adult tuition; Arrangement of conferences for educational purposes; Arrangement of conventions for educational purposes; Arrangement of seminars for educational purposes; Arrangement of training courses in teaching institutes; Arranging and conducting award ceremonies; Arranging and conducting conferences; Arranging and conducting conferences and seminars; Arranging and conducting educational conferences; Arranging and conducting of colloquiums; Arranging and conducting of commercial, trade and business conferences; Arranging and conducting of conferences; Arranging and conducting of congresses; Arranging and conducting of educational seminars; Arranging and conducting of seminars; Arranging and conducting of symposiums; Arranging and conducting of training workshops; Arranging and conducting of workshops; Arranging and conducting of workshops [training];Arranging and conducting seminars; Arranging and conducting workshops; Arranging conferences; Arranging for students to participate in educational activities; Arranging for students to participate in educational courses; Arranging of an annual educational conference; Arranging of conferences; Arranging of conferences relating to business; Arranging of conventions for business purposes; Arranging of conventions for training purposes; Arranging of courses of instruction; Arranging of demonstrations for educational purposes; Arranging of demonstrations for training purposes; Arranging of displays for training purposes; Arranging of exhibitions for training purposes; Arranging of festivals for training purposes; Arranging of lectures; Arranging of presentations for educational purposes; Arranging of presentations for training purposes; Arranging of seminars; Arranging of seminars relating to business; Arranging of seminars relating to commerce; Arranging of seminars relating to trade; Arranging of seminars relating to training; Arranging of workshops; Arranging professional workshop and training courses; Arranging teaching programmes; Arranging technical instruction courses; Business educational services; Business training; Business training consultancy services; Business training services; Certification of education and training awards; Coaching; Coaching in economic and management matters; Coaching relating to finance; Coaching [training];Colloquiums (arranging and conducting of-); Colloquiums (Arranging and conducting of -);Commercial training services; Computer assisted education services; Computer assisted teaching services; Computer assisted training services; Computer based educational services; Computer based educational services in the field of business management; Computer based library services; Computer based training; Computer education training; Computer education training services; Computer training; Computer training advisory services; Computer training services; Computerised training; Conducting courses, seminars and workshops; Conducting instructional courses; Conducting of business conferences; Conducting of courses; Conducting of courses relating to business administration; Conducting of courses relating to business management; Conducting of educational conferences; Conducting of educational courses; Conducting of educational courses in business; Conducting of educational courses in business management; Conducting of educational courses relating to business; Conducting of educational courses relating to business management; Conducting of exhibitions for educational purposes; Conducting of instructional seminars; Conducting of instructional seminars relating to time management; Conducting of instructional seminars relating to time organisation; Conducting of seminars and congresses; Conducting seminars; Conducting training seminars; Conducting training seminars for clients; Conducting workshops [training]; Conference services; Conferences (arranging and conducting of-); Conferences (Arranging and conducting of -);Conferences, exhibitions and seminars; Congresses; Congresses (arranging and conducting of-); Congresses (Arranging and conducting of -); Consultancy services relating to the analysis of training requirements; Consultancy services relating to the designing of training courses; Consultancy services relating to the education and training of management and of personnel; Consultancy services relating to the training of employees; Consultancy services relating to training; Consultation services relating to business education; Courses for the development of consulting skills; Courses of instruction (provision of-); Courses (training-) relating to banking; Courses (training-) relating to customer services; Courses (training-) relating to finance; Courses (training-) relating to insurance; Courses (training-) relating to law; Courses (training-) relating to management; Courses (training-) relating to research and development; Demonstration [for instructional purposes]; Developing educational manuals ;Development of educational materials; Dissemination of educational material; Distance learning services; Education; Education and training; Education services; Education services for managerial staff; Education services relating to banking; Education services relating to business training; Education services relating to commerce; Education services relating to management; Education services relating to the application of computer software; Education services relating to the application of computer systems; Educational advisory services; Educational assessment Services; Educational consultancy services; Educational courses (provision of-);Educational courses relating to finance; Educational courses relating to insurance; Educational demonstrations; Educational establishments providing courses of instruction (services of-); Educational examination; Educational examination services; Educational examination services (information relating to -);Educational information provided on-line from a computer database or the internet; Educational information services; Educational institute services; Educational seminars; Educational services; Educational services for providing courses of education; Educational services for providing courses of instruction; Educational services provided to industry; Educational services relating to management; Educational services relating to sales training; Educational testing; Employment training; Examination services (educational -); Exhibitions (arranging-) for educational purposes; Exhibitions (conducting-) for educational purposes; Festivals (organisation of-) for educational purposes; Higher education services; Information relating to education, provided on-line from a computer database or the internet; Instruction services; Lecture services relating to management skills; Lecture services relating to marketing skills; Lecture services relating to selling skills; Library services related to data stored and retrieved by electronic means; Management education services; Management training consultancy services; Management training services; Occupationally orientated instruction; Organisation of conferences relating to training; Organisation of continuing educational seminars; Organisation of courses using distance learning methods; Organisation of courses using open learning methods; Organisation of courses using programmed learning methods; Organisation of courses using self-tuition methods; Organisation of educational seminars; Organisation of seminars; Organisation of seminars and conferences; Organisation of seminars relating to education; Organisation of seminars relating to training; Organisation of teaching activities; Organisation of training courses; Organisation of training seminars; Organising of business training; Organising of commercial training; Organising of conferences for educational purposes; Organising of conferences relating to education; Organising of education conferences; Organising of education conventions; Organising of education exhibitions; Organising of education seminars; Organising of educational conferences; Organising of educational congresses; Organising of educational exhibitions; Organising of educational lectures; Organising of educational seminars; Organising of educational seminars relating; Organising of exhibitions for educational purposes; Organization of education competitions; Organization of educational conferences; Organization of educational congresses; Organization of educational symposia; Organization of entertainment competitions; Personal development courses; Personal development training; Personnel training; Planning of seminars for educational purposes; Postgraduate training courses; Postgraduate training courses relating to management studies; Production of course material distributed at management courses; Production of course material distributed at management lectures; Production of course material distributed at management seminars; Production of course material distributed at professional courses ;Production of course material distributed at professional lectures; Production of course material distributed at professional seminars; Production of course material distributed at vocational courses; Production of course material distributed at vocational lectures; Production of course material distributed at vocational seminars; Professional consultancy relating to education; Professional training services; Providing computer assisted courses of instruction; Providing computer-delivered educational testing and assessments; Providing courses of instruction; Providing courses of training; Providing electronic publications; Providing of training; Providing online electronic publications; Providing on-line electronic publications; Providing on-line publications; Providing training; Providing training courses on business management; Provision of courses of instruction; Provision of courses of instruction relating to personal time management; Provision of education courses; Provision of educational examinations; Provision of educational examinations and tests; Provision of educational information; Provision of information relating to training; Provision of instruction courses in finance; Provision of instruction courses in general management; Provision of instruction relating to communications techniques; Provision of training; Provision of training and education; Provision of training courses; Provision of training services for business; Provision of training services for industry; Provision of tuition; Publication of educational materials; Publication of educational printed matter; Publication of educational teaching materials; Publication of educational texts; Publication of printed matter relating to education; Publication of training manuals; Publication of work manuals for business management; Publishing of educational material; Publishing of educational matter; Publishing of instructional books; Sales personnel training services; Sales training services; Seminars (arranging and conducting of-);Seminars (Arranging and conducting of -);Services for arranging teaching programmes; Services for the implementation of educational procedures; Services for the implementation of teaching procedures; Staff training services; Teaching and training in business, industry and information technology; Training and education services; Training and further training consultancy; Training consultancy; Training courses; Training courses (provision of-);Training courses relating to computer software; Training in business management; Training in business skills; Training in communication techniques; Training in public relations; Training in the operation of software systems; Training of financial personnel; Training services; Training services concerned with the use of computer software; Training services for personnel; Training services related to business; Training services relating to business management; Training services relating to computer programs; Training services relating to computer software; Training services relating to computer systems; Training services relating to finance; Training services relating to management consultancy; Training services relating to the selling of vehicles; Vocational guidance; Vocational guidance [education or training advice];Vocational retraining; Vocational skills training; Vocational skills training (provision of-);Vocational testing; Vocational training courses (provision of-);Vocational training services; Workshops (Arranging and conducting of -) [training];Workshops (arranging and conducting of-) [training];Workshops for educational purposes; Workshops for training purposes.

Spring contact probes; test sockets for testing semiconductor devices; connector assemblies used for the testing and interconnection of electronic devices; connectors, interfaces and electro-mechanical interconnects; computer hardware; computer hardware testing apparatus.

Custom design and engineering of probes and connectors; scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software; computer programming; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software; computer consultancy services; design, drawing and commissioned writing for the compilation of web sites; creating, maintaining and hosting the web sites of others; design services.

Machines for slaking lime; machines for manufacturing carbon dioxide; machines for manufacturing of ozone; submerged turbine or paddle mixers for dispersion of air, carbon dioxide or ozone in water, waste water or sewage; turbine or paddle mixers for mixing or for inducing flocculation; comminuters; belt type sludge dewatering presses; parts of all aforesaid goods.

Instruments, namely, rate of flow meters; rate of flow controllers; liquid level gauges, pressure gauges and differential pressure gauges; system for dispensing chemicals or their solutions by weight or volume, comprising rotating augerlike screws, travelling belts, scales, storage and dilution tanks, and pumps; signalling and supervisory system for the automatic control of water treatment systems, comprising switches, indicating lights, electrical relays, time switches, programmable controllers, minicomputers and panels and boxes for housing them; parts of all aforesaid goods.

Electromechanical relays, reed (vacuum tube) relays, and electrical spring contact probes.